Colored pencils are generally divided into three categories: oil-based colored pencils, water-soluble colored pencils and pastel pencils.

First, let’s correct a common misconception: pencil leads contain no metallic lead; they are fired from a mixture of graphite and clay. The full pencil production consists of two major production lines: lead manufacturing, wooden barrel processing, followed by assembly and painting.

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In hard-pen calligraphy, the biggest advantage of a pencil lies in its outstanding expressive power. Even with the same pencil, varying writing pressure creates lines of different shades.

Ancient Greeks and Romans used metallic lead blocks to draw lines on wax tablets and parchment, leaving faint gray marks. People mistook graphite for the same substance as lead, hence the term "lead pencil" has been handed down to this day. In fact, modern pencils contain no metallic lead at all.

The core of a pencil is mainly composed of graphite and clay. Graphite is a scaly solid with metallic luster, featuring carbon-carbon chemical bonds within each layer, while van der Waals forces exist between adjacent layers. Carbon-carbon bonds are highly stable and extremely difficult to break. This explains why diamond and graphite, both pure carbon substances, differ drastically in physical properties and market value. The human body contains no substances capable of breaking carbon-carbon b